Fluorescence photobleaching recovery

FPR

Fluorescence photobleaching recovery, also known as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, may be the most potent, yet underutilized, method in polymer and particle solution research! For appropriate systems, it compares well to DLS, DDM, DOSY NMR, FCS and even GPC. Click the buttons at the bottom of the page for examples. 


inverted fluorescence microscope diagram

Based on epifluorescence microscopy

FPR = FRAP

The three steps of FPR are: 1) measure fluorescence in a small region; 2) photobleach that region; and, 3) observe the return of fluorescence to reveal details of chemical recovery and, most importantly, molecular diffusion, which can be linked to polymer mass.  

fluorescence photobleaching recovery apparatus (a.k.a. fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, a.k.a. FRAP)

Blue light in, green light out

Build, adapt or buy? 

We can help you build FPR on your own microscope, perform a service for you, or deliver a turn-key system. FPR is only slightly more complicated than fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and has considerable advantages for molecular weight distribution studies. 

dialysis cell for FPR or FRAP used to study Alzheimer's disease

No need for dust-free samples!

So flexible! 

FPR is far more "nimble" than standard gel permeation chromatography (GPC). You can measure at high temperatures in 1 molar salt,  then switch to pure water or even other solvents almost instantly. Here, we show a dialysis cell to switch salt environments in seconds.